Rep. Peter J. Roskam (IL-6) introduced on the congressional floor this bill that seeks to provide various technical and clerical amendments to the following statutes: (1) the Securities Act of 1933; (2) the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; (3) the Trust Indenture Act of 1939; (4) the Investment Company Act… More...
This proposed legislation was introduced in the House of Representatives by Rep. Gregory W. Meeks (NY), and co-sponsored by six others, on June 26, 2007. This bill seeks to “eliminate the exemption from State regulation for certain securities designated by national securities exchanges,” as this legislation is preliminarily known.
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This proposed legislation was introduced in the House of Representatives by Rep. Michael E. Capuano (MA.), and co-sponsored by another member of the House, on June 6, 2007. This bill seeks to “amend the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 to authorize the Commission to require the registration of hedge fund… More...
This proposed legislation was introduced in the House of Representatives by Rep. Gregory W. Meeks (NY) on February 16, 2007, and co-sponsored by five others. This bill seeks to “direct the Securities and Exchange Commission to revise rules to provide for the comparable treatment and expanded use of qualified money… More...
Following are Securities Law Commentaries elaborating on the significance of the most important of the Securities Law Summaries.
Commentary: The renowned legal minds of 7th Circuit judges Frank Easterbrook and Richard Posner have clashed again, this time over the validity and applicability of the Gartenberg approach to claims of excessive mutual fund management fees. Judge Easterbrook, currently chief judge of the 7th Circuit, served on the panel that issued a per curiam opinion in Jones v. Harris Associates, 527 F.3d 627 (7th Cir. 2008) on May 19, 2008. In that case, the judicial panel dismissed the Gartenberg standard that has been relied upon by courts, practitioners and fund managers for more than 25 years. More...
Related summary: Circuit Court Turns Down Appeal against Harris Associates, Refusing to Put a Cap on Mutual Fund Advisory Fees
Commentary: Jerry N. Jones v. Harris Associates, 527 F.3d 627 (7th Cir. 2008), was one of about a dozen cases brought in 2003 and early 2004 based on the “excessive fee” provisions of the Investment Company Act of 1940. In the case, a group of individual investors claimed that Harris Associates, manager of the Oakmark funds, charged excessive fees to individual investors in violation of the Act. The Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the lower court’s judgment dismissing the claims against Harris Associates, holding that the market, not the judiciary, should determine manager fees. The mutual fund industry celebrates the decision, which will likely make it harder for investors to challenge funds’ investment-advisory fees as excessive. More...
Related summary: Circuit Court Turns Down Appeal against Harris Associates, Refusing to Put a Cap on Mutual Fund Advisory Fees
Commentary: At the heart of these two consolidated cases is the clear, admitted, egregious fraud perpetrated by employees of a subsidiary of the Tribune Company. The plaintiffs in both cases (a securities case and an ERISA case) tried to extend liability for those fraudulent acts up through the corporate ranks of the Tribune Company, arguing that higher-ups knew or should have known of the fraud while it was happening. Unfortunately for the plaintiffs, their allegations were based primarily on conclusory statements, speculative inferences and tenuous links. Their cases were dismissed with prejudice early in the litigation, and the 7th Circuit affirmed those dismissals, as discussed below. There has been, and still is, a split among jurisdictions as to the proper standard for proving corporate scienter for purposes of corporate liability under Section 10(b) of the 1934 Act. In Pugh, the 7th Circuit dismisses the collective scienter approach relied upon by a minority of courts and applies the more traditional, majority rule requiring individual scienter by officials who contributed to the public statements at issue in some meaningful way. Also, notably, in Pugh, the 7th Circuit became the first federal court to apply the U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling regarding scheme liability in Stoneridge Investment Partners LLC v. Scientific-Atlanta Inc., 128 S.Ct. 761 (2008). More...
Related summary: Seventh Circuit Dismisses Circulation Fraud Suit Filed Against Tribune Co.
Commentary: The analysis and conclusions reached by the California appellate court in Consolidated Management Group v. Dept. of Corporations, ___ Cal. Rptr. 3d___, 2008 WL 1850310 (Cal. App. 1st 2008), are not necessarily new. But rarely has an opinion so thoroughly and effectively laid out the prevailing law and its application. In Consolidated, the California appellate court analyzes two issues: 1) whether federal law preempts the California Department of Corporations’ authority to issue a desist and refrain order against the appellants, and 2) whether the interests being sold by the appellants were “securities” for purposes of being covered by the applicable laws. More...
Related summary: CA Appellate Court Rules Against Consolidated, Upholds Desist Order
Commentary: In the precedent-setting case of Laperriere et al v. Vesta Ins. Group, et al, ____ F.3d ____, 2008 WL 1883482 (11th Cir. 2008), the 11th Circuit harmonized the proportionate liability scheme of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (PSLRA) with the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Act”) that provide for derivative liability of controlling persons. In this case of first impression, the Vesta court set forth a test for litigants and courts to apply to determine whether a controlling person has any liability for the acts of someone he controls, and, if so, whether proportionate or joint and several liability should apply. More...
Related summary: 11th Cir. Clarifies Parent Cos.’ Liability under the PSLRA in Vesta Insurance Case
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Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (pdf, 131kb)
Investment Company Act of 1940 (pdf, 400kb)
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (pdf, 195kb)
Securities Act of 1933 (pdf, 241kb)
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (pdf, 927kb)
Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (pdf, 154kb)
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